Assessment of uneven material distributions in the pile: the "4 out of 5 rule"


Piles of mineral waste can be heterogeneous in composition and exhibit fluctuations in material composition. Partial quantities with high and low pollutant contents can therefore occur side by side in a heap. Sampling must be carried out in such a way that the characteristic features and the variation in the composition of the waste, which are decisive for the choice of disposal route, are recorded. Samples may [...]